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INTRO:
We invite you to attend the January 2023 Nomad Offshore summit here in Lisbon Portugal.
DERREN JOSEPH:
Good afternoon, or good morning, depending on which time zone you’re in. Welcome to our weekly conversation about the tax that we do every day. Htj.tax if it is that, you know, some of you have indicated that you cannot stay for the entire thing. That’s okay. It is being recorded as you will signal upon entry, and it will be made available on our website as well as on YouTube, SoundCloud, and Spotify wherever you get your podcast, this will be made available.
It’ll be saved and available. So it’s probably gonna be in about 23 or 24 platforms. So what that means is that since this video, the video, as well as the audio are being recorded, if you do not want your image to appear, you would probably just need to keep your cameras switched off. We invited those who would like in to submit their questions ahead of time. Thank you to those who did submit questions, they were safely received, but for those who have not please feel free to type the questions in the box below. I’ll be jumping across some platforms of the platform and I will pick them up in the order in which they are received. Please bear in mind that we are having a general conversation about tax issues and it is not meant to be advice. If it is, you need advice that is specific to your situation, you would need to engage a professional who understands your situation inside. We’re having a general conversation about general principles. You can consider this education. You can even consider it entertainment if you like, but it is not meant to be actionable advice. So please, please keep that. Keep that in mind. So without for, to do I turn to Mary Mary, the floor is yours.
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
Thank you, Derren everybody. Thank you. And very happy to be here with you. So today we talk about Taxes in general, Cypress for companies and individuals tax Residency issues, and also incentives offered in Cyprus for Expats. So firstly briefly introduce myself and Royal. I’m a qualified accountant and founder and director of Royal. And I specialize in tax and Bru proof. Now Royal client is a boutique advisory firm, which offers a wide range of solutions to corporate clients, private clients, regulated entities, and in a variety of areas, investment financial tax, legal and corporate-related matters. So we can offer a variety of solutions. Like if you want to expand your business, or if you want help with Taxes or HR support assistance with banking, Cetera, we are based in Cyprus and also in Greece. So now first we touch upon tax Residency for companies. So a tax company in Cyprus is considered to be a tax resident. If it’s managing to control Cyprus. Now in our law, we don’t have a clear interpretation of the management and control. However, it is interpreted and can be determined if effective management and control are exercised in Cyprus. And there are some rules we follow, of course, the list is not exhaustive, but the majority of the board of directors are residents of Cyprus directors are qualified enough and poses the skills to properly manage the company bot meet teams to explain Cyprus bang are operated from Cyprus records and maintain Cyprus. No general part of attorneys are granted and the company maintains an office and employee of course and has the substance in Cyprus. Additionally, we are expecting effective from December 2022. We will have the corporation rule we didn’t have before in our Residency rules, which means that a company we just incorporate inside pros. Although management control may exercise outside site will be considered tax re of side pros if it’s not a resident elsewhere. So, to capture these entities as well. So as I said, this is effective was voted on December 20, but the start becomes effective December 20. I just wanted to briefly mention the tax avoidance directive. We expect, of course, it’s expected in another two years or less. So this directive is mostly to, of the best structure. So we may need to be aware that in view of this directive, which is coming into divorce, a more enhanced substance may be required. So there are some tests to consider. And of course, some companies accepted this directive, like listed companies, regulated financial undertakings, and Cetera. Now, if we want to move on to the type of Residency for individuals in Cyprus, we have two rules, the standard one, which is Cyprus individuals, tax resident, if he resides for more than 183 days, which is the same in, in most of the countries as opposed. And then we have one additional rule, the 60-day rule. So in this case, the individual should reside in Cyprus for at least 60 the per, but not reside in any other country for 8, 183 days. Plenum and provided that he’s not a tax resident of another country. He carries out in business or he’s employed, or he’s in director in a Cyprus tax resident company. And he maintains a permanent residence, Cyprus either own so day. All of these conditions in this and of Theus now Taxes inside Cruz. We have corporation tax, which I will, we will have a look at it, more detail, next income tax, which is applicable for individuals. We have a special defense contribution tax. We have capital against tax, which is 20% on the games from the disposal of Cyprus. We have Cyprus of course, the standard rate is 19% and we get reduced rates of 9% for catering, accommodation, transportation, and a 5% reduced rate for foodstuff, Cetera. We also have zero-rated S under VAT. Then we have social insurance contributions for employers and employees, exercise, and employment in Cyprus, which comes up to 12% for employers and 8.3 for employees. And then we have the national health system, which is a contribution of two-point, almost 3% for employment for employers, and two-point 65 for employees. And we have stem duty as well, which is levied on documents. So as I said before in this, we will mainly focus on the corporation tax and individual and income tax for individuals. Now we said before that a tax resident company, if its control is if it’s managing control, Cyprus is a tax resident of, of Cyprus. And as such is the tax on income arising from both within and outside the Republic. Now the corporation tax rate comes as low as 2012 0.5% on worldwide income, which is one of the lowest corporate rates in the EU. So we have expenses in care for the production of income that is tax adaptable, and dividend income is fully exempt from tax. Some conditions are usually met like dividends derived from the pay subsidiary company are not derived from passive income. And the corporate tax rate of the foreign jurisdiction is not substantially lower than ours. In this case, would be like six points and almost a half. Let’s say 6.5 profits from a permanent establishment outside Cyprus are exempt from income tax. You can carry forward tax losses for five years. We can also claim taxable losses of permanent establishment outside Cyprus and be offset against taxable profits arising in the Republic. However, when the P establishment ES profits, which were previously claimed in the Republic as taxable losses, then they’re added back to the taxable profits of the Cyprus company. We get group relief utilization only for the current year’s tax loss. And this is also possible. You can get group relief for a company. Now group relief is offered for companies within the group, which is, for example, ING company owns at least 75% of the share capability of subsidiary companies. Now, generally, our income tax doesn’t provide for any halting Taxes. So that means in effect that dividends and interest are paid to nonresidents free of faulting Taxes, irrespective of any double tax 3d rates applicable. At the time, we also have an interest reduction applicable in case of new equities, introduced to their business and used to finance assets, generating taxable income. So this is captured as 80% of the taxable profits on the reduction. And, and this is calculated using the reference rate of the 10-year government bond, plus a margin of 5%. Now, in the case of the organization, this can be completely free from Taxes and Cyprus provided that reorganizations fall into the scope of the income tax law and are approved. The tax regime is neutral in respect of profit and loss, arising from the foreign rate fluctuations were realized or unrealized now in case of companies that are trading in for activity, which, which this becomes their trading activity, they can elect not to them and realize they realize exchange difference. Games are taxed normally under preparation because this is their trading activity, but they have the right to elect for the unrealized. As we mentioned before capital gain tax. So in case, we dispose of shares of a listed company that owns I mobile property, then no capital gain tax is applicable, but, it is applicable in case we sell shares in a private company that holds I mobile property. So in that case, this would be taxable under the capital gain tax. So Cyprus has a very broad and wide network of double tax three, and, and we consistently make broaden our network of double tax. Now we have more than 65 countries across all continents. We can get a tax credit for, Taxes, and paid growth. You, we also, this can provide binding advanced tax ruling. So this is, this is a very, very important in case you want to, you know, probably structure or restructure your business. And lastly, Cyprus has adopted all the EU directives. So moving on, I just wanted to briefly mention some special tax regimes. We have Cyprus. So we have the Tonna tax regime is applicable for qualifying ship owners or qualifying ship charters and ship managers. So in effect, they kind of led to be exempt from corporation tax and maybe tax under 20 each tax. And this is very, very, very effective for shipping companies. And I think that is why we have so many shifting international shipping companies inside. Then we have the IP regime, the intellectual tax regime, which is fully compliant with OCD and approved by the, which offers a tax deduction of 80% of the qualifying profits. So effectively you get an effective tax rate of 2.5%. And then we have the filming industry, which provides an exception of 50% on the income arising on the production of themes, Cetera, but is limited to 35% of the cost. So this program is valid until the 31st of December 23. Now special defense contribution is a, is another type, of tax Cyprus. However, is imposed only on certain types of income for Cyprus tax residents. So it’s so under special under SDC, we have the passive income, which is taxed at 30%, and we say pricing passive. It has been interesting. Income is the income that is not there in the ordinary course of the business of an entity. In which case that interest income is taxed under preparation tax. In 2012 0.5%, we have rental income of 3% on the 75% of the gross income and dividend income. We use tax under SDC and are exempt from corporation tax at the rate of 17%. So SDC is for Cyprus tax residents. And it’s important to not hear that non-domicile individuals, which I will explain later on are com are exempt from SDC in Cyprus. So moving on to the income tax for individuals now, the personal income tax rates for Cyprus individuals are we have a tax-free income of 19,500. And then up to 28,000 is 20%, 30, 36025% up to 60 is 30%. And then over 60,000 is 35%. Now here we have the income tax exceptions. As we mentioned before that dividend income and interest income are, are exempt from tax income tax, but subject to disease for the site to start residents, there is an income tax exception for overseas employer employment outside Cyprus two, a nonresident employer, but has to be for more than 19 days in a year. And this is 100% exempt from income tax. Generally, profits arising from the disposal, of securities are tax-free. As mentioned also at the corporate level, this is the same for the individuals. There is no tax on lump sums for retirement or the repayment of life insurance or any approved proven scheme. There are contributions to solar insurance provide fund C are tax the, of the taxable income pensions received from abroad tax-free up to 3,420. And then over and above, you can have a tax of 5%. You can, you can elect actually to tax it under 5%. Otherwise, it can be taxed at normal rates. We have no inherent that or give Taxes inside for individuals. Now we have some incentives for attracting high-net individuals inside. So individuals relocating to C can get a 50% exception, from their salary as tax exam income for 17 years provided that their salary is greater than 50,000. And this applies to individuals who were not resident in the Republic for the last 10 years before the commencement of employment. So these two provisions I mentioned below are the seats of July 22 before we had, which are still applicable for those individuals who are taking the benefit of them. It used to be 50% for income over, over 100,000, but we have recently lowered the salary to 55, and then you have another, another production for employees relocating to Cruz, but we don’t get these high salaries. So you can have 20% or 8,550, whichever is lower from employment arising in Cyprus, but given you were not in Cyprus at least three years before the commencement of employment. So are specifically for attracting people relocating to Cyprus. And of course, we have the non-regime, which I have briefly explained below before I have mentioned before. So in Cyprus, we have the non-status, which is the case of, an individual who is not domicile in Cyprus and, and becomes a tax resident of Cyprus can dividend interest, income, and income completely free of SDC Cyprus. So in effect, even that dividend income and interest income for individuals are tax SDC. That means that non-individuals would get to have their dividends and interest income in Cyprus free of any Taxes. And of course, one can the, a maximum of that was it? So I’m ready to get questions in case we have any,
DERREN JOSEPH:
All right. So we’re ready to have some fun. That was amazing. Thank you so much for such, a comprehensive overview. So maybe if you can close your screen. Okay, great. Yeah. So for those again, for those who didn’t get a chance to submit your, you know, ideas or your questions ahead of time, please feel free to type in the box below. In the meantime, I’ll go through those who did submit in advance. This one, the first submission was, you know, you and I went through it a bit before the call is pretty detailed. What I tried to do is divide it up into bite-size pieces. So it’s easy, easier for us to discuss. So the first thing this is, I assume this is a US person, and he or she is either is or is going to be based in Cyprus and running an LLC, a US LLC. So for those who may not be familiar, us LLC is a kind of a hybrid. It is not ex it can be treated as a pass-through unless certain elections are made. So within various EU jurisdictions, we’ve found that it can be more or less a test of facts and circumstances as to whether the country would treat it as a pass-through or as a US corporation. Generally speaking, how does, do you have a sense for how Cyprus looks at us, LLCs Mary?
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
We also have the concept of either the concept of self-employed in Cyprus, which is doing an activity as a, under trading, or, we also have, we are also passed through, but I’m not sure I understand the question. So he has a pass-through LLC and he plans to relocate to and becomes a resident.
DERREN JOSEPH:
That’s the sense of getting from this question. So I guess if, if I’m to have a guess, it is, as it is in other European countries, its test of facts and circumstances. So if it is a single member, LLC, he’s the only person employed by this op he’s created this LLC, and he’s the only person working with this LLC. And he sits in Cyprus. I remember the first slide, like the very first slide that you had in your presentation spoke about management and control. So in that case management and control are being exercised in Cyprus. So the entire activity of this LLC would be taxable in Cyprus. Mary, am I correct in saying that?
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
Well, it depends. I mean, it depends on, on a variety of factors and, and how this is, this is done in practice, but if he’s if he becomes a tax resident and we need to see what sources of income are, the structure, is he indeed managing Theseus if he from Cyprus and is this considered Cyprus instead of US? So, I mean, it’s, it’s not a clear, straight answer because there are a lot of many factors to consider.
DERREN JOSEPH:
Absolutely. That’s correct. And, whoever sent a question, he or she did make the point that they’re not able to get a clear answer. And, and the reason is that it is not very clear and there are lots of facts and circumstances and unique, you know, unique favorable that need to be considered, as Maria said,
MARY TRIMITHIOTO:
People come
DERREN JOSEPH:
To that conclusion and that would apply if it is a pass-through LLC, or even if it is someone who has made the election and it’s an S Corp or a C Corp, again, it really would be a test of facts and circumstances. So, I guess to get an answer to that question, then, the best thing is for this person to reach out to Mary directly. Yeah. Yeah. And you, you know, your contact details were there, and again, this is being recorded. So you can always rewind and play it over and, and make sure you get her contact details and reach out to her and have a, and get into that, get into that. So I’m, I’m just reading.
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
That would be the best start.
DERREN JOSEPH:
Yeah. I’m just reading through this person who sent a pretty long email. So he or she, they, they speaking about withholding Taxes again, you know, from a US point of view, if you are a US person, you’re gonna be taxed regardless. So it’s not much of a discussion. They, the only conversation is how they, they would like their relationship structured with the entity, but they will be subject to us Taxes if they’re not a US person and this person didn’t classify, but if they’re not a US person, then they should be as long as there’s no substance in the US. And it’s not an if it’s not a sequel and there is no substance in the US, there’s no economic activity on US soil, then they should not be subject to us Taxes, any income taxes, they may be sales on used tax, depending on whether it’s a physical activity, physical product-based selling, or whether it’s software because they are certain jurisdictions that will tax assess software as a service. So, in this case, generally speaking, I don’t think the US is really an issue that is really crystal clear. I mean, whether you’re taxable or not depends on whether you have economic activity in the US, whether it’s substance, and whether the person is a US person. So that, that is crystal, the challenges, understanding the separate tax consequences. And for that, we need to talk about management control. We need to talk about the nature of the activity, and you need to reach out to Mary, to get on that. So I’m sorry, you couldn’t be specific, but you know that that’s in each of these things, next question or someone I’ll just jump below. Someone is asking if I get the pension from Canada, which already has 25% withholding, does the tax-free? How do the tracks 3d work? So someone is sitting in Cyprus, they are Canadian and they are getting their Canadian pension, which is something 5% on the way out to, to ride with them in Cyprus. Would they get any sort of concessions with the tax treat?
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
Normally, as I mentioned before, we give a tax credit for Taxes paid abroad, but in this case, in case we tax the pension at a rate of 5%, but you have paid, let’s say, for example, 25%, then the maximum credit you can get Cyprus is up to 5%.
DERREN JOSEPH:
Okay. So there will be right. Okay. Up to 5%. Gotcha. Because they, the treatment does reduce it to, to 5%. Okay. Marvin, I hope that answers your question. So, oh, Marvin is asking whether it’s a net zero, so no Taxes due to Cyprus then.
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
To Cyprus. Yes. In that case, assuming that there was a reporting in Canada, 25%.
DERREN JOSEPH:
Okay, great. So, that’s good news for you, mom. And you’re gonna be able to enjoy Cyprus and receive your pension tax-free. All right. Mom is happy. The next question is banking because you know, incorporation is one thing, but banking is a challenge for everyone. How easy or how challenging is banking in Cyprus?
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
I’d say you put it nicely, nicely in there. It’s it? It’s challenging as it is in every other jurisdiction. Cyprus is the same. Yeah. But yeah, we can offer solutions and we can assist with the bank accounts with the various local banks. And of course, foreign banks we work with.
DERREN JOSEPH:
That’s good to know. So following on from that, how are the banks in Cyprus open to, and online gambling concerns?
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
We treat still trying inside build a friendly environment around crypto. We have recent regulations around crypto and something that we as a jurisdiction in general, something we aim to promote and we are working on the infrastructure.
DERREN JOSEPH:
Okay. So it’s a work in progress. Understood. Understood. Gotcha. Yeah. Moving on. Next question. Someone is asking about the golden visa options for Cyprus, but I think when we were discussing this earlier, you were saying that it’s no longer available.
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
What I was saying is that the citizenship, the investment we used to have, we don’t offer anymore since November. I, so we don’t something in the sense of a golden visa, but what we offer for country nationals, we can offer, can get the residents and, and work permit in Cyprus. |
There are various options. There is an immigration permit by investment, which investment requirement is around, is at least 300,000 plus VAT, which is not substantial and can, and one can have a residential or commercial property or shares in Cyprus with the physical presence in Cyprus, or he can even buy units and investment fund. So this is the immigration permit by investment. Then we have another scheme in which one can get the permit, can get a resident permit. If he can get employed at a foreign, an interesting company for an interesting company, he’s a company, the majority of which shareholders are foreigners are foreign foreigners. Sorry. We also have the digital Noma visa, which is this one for one year also granted to individuals who can work remotely for an employer. And then we have the standard immigration permits.
DERREN JOSEPH:
Okay. I understand. Yeah. So, so the investment option that sounds attractive. And so if I’m an entrepreneur I can set up a company in Cyprus and that company can sponsor my work permit potentially.
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
Yeah, definitely. Definitely. You can set up a company yeah. As a, for an interested company. And, also, I then mentioned that under this scheme, it’s for an interested company can employ up to 70% of the key personnel from non-new countries. So, it’s a great advantage for, a company if they want to employ key personnel from countries as well.
DERREN JOSEPH:
That’s the…
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
Attract. Yeah. There are the main benefits. And we see a lot of tech companies taking advantage of this in Cyprus. We have seen a lot of tech companies relocating to Cyprus,
DERREN JOSEPH:
Right. And, this probably pays well within non-regime. So then you are incoming from outside of Cyprus and will be free of Taxes in Cyprus and only what arises within.
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
Taxes because you have dividends and interest income. Yes.
DERREN JOSEPH:
That’s great. And the digital nomad visa, how, how does that work? Is it specifically, is it like Barbados, for example, where you, so Barbados allows you to stay there for a year and you will not be tax resident, you would not trigger tax residents as for their income tax act. Does Cyprus have any sort of tax benefits around the digital nomad visa?
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
I can say that this is also granted it’s temporary per as you said of one-year validity, but tax Residency is yes. Is in Cyprus.
DERREN JOSEPH:
Okay. So you, you’re gonna be subject to Taxes in Cyprus as for the normal tax regime. Okay. Understood. Understood. Gotcha. And for that one, how does it work? Do you need to, you know, demonstrate that your income is a certain minimum amount, you need to show a bank statement, stuff like that?
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
Yeah. Source of that, you, you can show, you can prove your source of income.
DERREN JOSEPH:
OK. Understood. And generally speaking, how many years of Residency would one have to have under, you know, behind them in inside PR before one can apply for citizenship?
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
What do you mean? I’m not sure I understand your question.
DERREN JOSEPH:
Sure. No problem. So for example, in Spain, if you’re resident in Spain, for 10 years afterward, you can apply for citizenship, or in Portugal after six years, you can apply for citizenship. So if, if someone is a resident in, as in not tax rhythm from an immigration point of view, the resident in Cyprus, after how many years can they apply or would they qualify?
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MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
I think what you are referring to in Cyprus is now for seven years,
DERREN JOSEPH:
Seven years. Okay. Right. Yeah. Gotcha. Yeah. Seven years. Gotcha. Understood. Understood. And just going through the list, right? What options, right? So yes, we were talking about this before. So I’ve, I’ve seen other tax teams. This is with regards to using separate companies in tax plans in, you know, in planning structures. So for example, if someone is in Portugal under, you know, whatever scheme they may have there, for example, the NR scheme, which is kind of like non-domicile, but it has more holes in it. Anyway. So securities income, for example, from investment accounts in the US, will be subject to 20%. Whereas if it is that they create a holding company in Cyprus for the US investments it’s received into Cyprus. And then from Cyprus, they receive the dividends into Portugal, potentially tax-free. So that, I mean, we’ve never advocated that but I’ve seen other tax teams do it, but then I’m looking at your presentation earlier. And for those who didn’t see it, it, this is you can just go back to have a look at it’s pretty insightful. Some anti-directors may be coming into force already or soon enough. So in a structure like that, where there’s no real substance in Cyprus, would it stand?
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
So first, let me at the comment that traditionally haling structures and finances structures are very, very tax efficient in Cyprus, the structure you mentioned would work assuming that the Cyprus company receives the dividend.
DERREN JOSEPH:
Would receive capital gains. It receives capital gains from the US,
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
Which is profit, from the disposal of securities,
DERREN JOSEPH:
Correct? You were correct.
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
Just tax Cyprus. And then we would pay this app as a shareholder, as dividends. So, we, from perspective, don’t have any Withing Taxes. So this is tax efficient. Now what we mentioned about tax avoidance directive three, yeah. Is passive income one of the risks let’s say in the test? Good, good thing is that we still have time to, let’s say tidy, tidy up our structures, for example, by employee setting up an office, having employees managing the accounts from Cyprus. So they’re quite a few things we can do to strengthen our position in Cyprus.
DERREN JOSEPH:
So you advocating, creating real substance economic substance in Cyprus yeah. For the structure to work.
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
Okay. Yeah. And, and then during actually something that we see companies create enough, they even transfer their headquarters in Cyprus. So we’re moving in that direction.
DERREN JOSEPH:
Okay. Right. So in other
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
Words, it’s not, this is an international, it’s not something that is happening in Cyprus.
DERREN JOSEPH:
So then Cyprus is quite an attractive jurisdiction for like a family office type stretch. Yeah,
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
Yeah. Yeah.
DERREN JOSEPH:
So that’s still encouraging. Okay. That’s, that’s good to know. All right. So I hope whoever asks that question understands, so it can work for now is, is a takeaway, but you’d wanna look at creating new economic substance Cyprus. So again, you’d probably have a conversation with Mary about taking that bar. Okay. So looking back down at the box here in the zoom, someone is saying, I’m a new citizen already. After I get my yellow slip, does it have to be renewed? How do I prove my 60 days of residency since there’s no border control for EU citizens?
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
Yeah. It’s true that with no border control yet we don’t get stem on the passport anymore. But yeah. Advice would be to save your traveling passes, be able to have bank state showing your expenses cured, let’s say inside. So you need to have some sort of evidence that you have spent 60 days inside.
DERREN JOSEPH:
Okay. So, so this, so, so that I understand this. So this ties back to you can create your tax resident in Cyprus by spending 60 days, is that?
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
Yeah, you can be a Cyprus tax resident under the 60-day rule, but many conditions need to exist together provided you are not residing in another country for 183 days. And you are not resident another country and you, you have an office or like you director or are employed and you have also permanent resident. So the conditions for the 60-day rule are quite yeah.
DERREN JOSEPH:
Yeah. Okay. Understood. Okay. I hope that answers his question. I am just looking. So we touched on all the questions that were previously submitted as well as a few that have been submitted today. If anyone else has any questions, feel free to type in the box below. I’m just gonna have a look at what’s going on on Facebook. See if anybody’s asking questions on Facebook. So does the yellow, does the yellow slip need renewal?
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
Yes, yes.
DERREN JOSEPH:
And how would that be renewed?
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
For citizens? The process is it’s very simple. You, yeah. It’s very simple. It’s simple and efficient. It’s nothing. It’s not like third-country nationals.
DERREN JOSEPH:
Okay. All right. Gotcha. Great. Okay. Well I think that’s more questions I’m not seeing any more questions, Mary, thank you very much. The audience is satisfied. All of the questions have been answered and they know how to reach you. Do you wanna repeat it, Mary? How, how what’s the best way? What’s what are your locations? What’s your URL?
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
Thank you, Derren. Thank you everybody for being patient with us today. How did you enjoy it? You can reach me on LinkedIn or you can contact me through my email, which is rather difficult to say. So you can either find me on LinkedIn or check our website. royalpine.com.
DERREN JOSEPH:
Okay. royal.com. That is your gift. Oh
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
Yeah.
DERREN JOSEPH:
Okay, fantastic. Thank you very much for joining us. Thank you very much, Mary. Again, we do these live streams every week. Have a look at each of the Taxes to see what’s coming up next time. Thank you for your time. And we see you again. Bye-bye
MARY TRIMITHIOTOU:
Thank you, bye-bye.
OUTRO:
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